Quick Linux guide for myself in case I forget. Here are Linux command line codes to do various things on a server hosting environment or home linux install. Many of these linux commands will work on Mac too.
EMERGENCY exit from unix process:
CTRL+c
RESET a linux server the hard way, total downtime is around a minute:
sudo reboot
See who is logged on to the server and what they are doing:
w
or to see a full list use:
last
See all the last commands used on the server:
history
To move up the folder tree:
cd ..
To show what is in a folder:
ls
To move into a folder:
cd foldername
To check size of files in a folder in human readable format:
du -h foldernamehere
See size of files in a folder (first move to the folder using cd and cd..). Note there is a space between the du and the star.
du *
To download a particular file from a given location:
wget locationoffilewithfiletypeatend
Example: wget http://www.google.com/favicon.ico
To remove a folder and all files contained within (WARNING BE CAREFUL!):
rm -r foldername
To remove a file (WARNING can be dangerous, be sure that you are in the correct folder and everything is typed correctly before hitting return!)
rm filename
To rename a folder:
mv oldfoldername newfoldername
To rename a file:
mv oldfilename newfilename
To unzip, ungzip and untar a file:
tar xzf filename.tar.gz
To tar and gzip a folder:
$ tar -zcf filenameyouwant.tar.gz folderyouwanttotar
Example: tar -zcf test.tar.gz usr/bin/
-z: Compress archive using your gzip program
-c: Create an archive
-f: Archive File name
In UNIX the period (.) means the current directory.
To move a file up one directory (The ../ means up one folder):
mv myfilename.extensionoffile ../
To move up two folders then down into another folder:
mv filename.extension ../../Newdirectory
To chmod and change permissions on a file (744 is the permissions code):
chmod 744 filename.extension
To copy a file:
cp -i oldfilename newfilename
Change owner of file:
chown root error.log
Change group of file:
chgrp GROUPNAME FILENAME.EXTENSION
for example: chgrp root error.log
To create a file:
touch error.log
To restart a server:
sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart
See CPU loads and how long the server has been up:
uptime
See general, real time CPU and process information:
top
To exit the top command screen just press q and it will go back to the command prompt part where you can type anything.
See free memory:
free -m
Some external resources used to make this guide:
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