image: Average standardized uptake value ratio PET images of stroke rat model over time as compared to a sham rat using mean cerebellum as the reference. view more
Credit: T Toyonaga and X Lyu, Yale University, New Haven CT.
A new radiotracer, 18F-SynVesT-2, can directly assess synaptic density changes in the brain, providing an objective and quantitative measure of disease progression after stroke. Research presented at the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging 2020 Annual Meeting shows that the radiotracer may also offer a primary endpoint to evaluate treatment efficacy of novel therapeutics for stroke in clinical trials.
Current positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of stroke focuses on the measurement of oxygen or glucose metabolism. 18F-FDG PET has been used to probe brain tissue viability after acute ischemic stroke, but transient hyperglycemia, a common phenomenon in acute stroke patients, affects FDG uptake and thereby confounds its interpretation. "Because synapse is a crucial microstructure for brain functions and synaptic deficit is a hallmark of stroke, we developed a new imaging method to assess synapses directly, providing an alternative to measuring metabolism to determine stroke progression," said Xueying Lyu, postgraduate research associate at Yale University School of Medicine in New Haven, Connecticut.
Researchers utilized a rat model of stroke (established through a middle cerebral artery occlusion procedure followed by reperfusion) to test the 18F-SynVesT-2 radiotracer. A total of six stroke model rats underwent weekly 18F-SynVesT-2 PET scans for four weeks, starting at one day post-reperfusion. Image analysis was conducted and standardized uptake values (SUV) were generated for the hippocampus, cerebellum, neocortex and thalamus. The SUVs of affected and non-affected sides of the brain were compared by calculating ipsi- to contralateral ratios, and the volume of lesion was assessed using SUV ratio normalized by the cerebellum, after smoothing, masking, subtracting, thresholding and binarizing.
18F-SynVesT-2 PET imaging successfully detected synapse loss in the rat model of stroke and tracked disease progression via lesion quantification. Synapse loss occurred mainly in the hippocampus, thalamus and neocortex rather than the cerebellum. The most significant loss of synapses was observed to occur during the first week post-reperfusion.
"This is the first direct demonstration of synaptic changes following stroke and has shown that the synaptic protein SV2A is a potential biomarker for tissue viability," noted Lyu. "Information on tissue viability is valuable to detect stroke early and to evaluate therapeutic efficacy and recovery. We hope to help stroke patients by bringing this SV2A PET imaging method to clinical settings in the near future."
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, more than 175,000 strokes occur each year in the United States, killing 140,000 Americans. It is a leading cause of long-term disability and costs the U.S. healthcare system an estimated $34 billion annually in health care services, treatment and lost time at work.
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Abstract 383. "Monitoring synaptic loss in a rat model of stroke: a PET imaging study with [18F]SynVesT-2, radiotracer for the synaptic vesicle protein 2A (SV2A)," Xueying Lyu, Takuya Toyonaga, Gang Deng, Yiyun Huang, Richard Carson, Jiangbing Zhou and Zhengxin Cai, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut. SNMMI's 67th Annual Meeting, July 11-14, 2020.
All 2020 SNMMI Annual Meeting abstracts can be found online at http://jnm.snmjournals.org/content/61/supplement_1.toc.
About the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
The Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging (SNMMI) is an international scientific and medical organization dedicated to advancing nuclear medicine and molecular imaging, vital elements of precision medicine that allow diagnosis and treatment to be tailored to individual patients in order to achieve the best possible outcomes.
SNMMI's members set the standard for molecular imaging and nuclear medicine practice by creating guidelines, sharing information through journals and meetings and leading advocacy on key issues that affect molecular imaging and therapy research and practice. For more information, visit http://www.snmmi.org.
Journal
Journal of Nuclear Medicine