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This has been a frequent topic of discussion over the years, and the answer varies depending on who you ask.
But the simplest answer is that each state has its own deadline for candidates to file for inclusion on the the primary ballot. The dates for most of the upcoming Democratic Primaries are as follows:
November
Alabama: Nov. 8
Arkansas: Nov. 12
New Hampshire: Nov. 15
California: Nov. 26
Florida: Nov. 30*
December
Tennessee: Dec. 3
Oklahoma: Dec. 4
Arizona: Dec. 9
Colorado: Dec. 9
Idaho: Dec. 11
Louisiana: Dec. 11
Virginia: Dec. 12
Michigan: Dec. 13
Vermont: Dec. 16
Ohio: Dec. 18
Missouri: Dec. 24
North Carolina: Dec. 27
One more detail: Because Iowa holds caucuses, not a primary with a standardized ballot, it has no filing deadline.
Alabama: Nov. 8
Arkansas: Nov. 12
New Hampshire: Nov. 15
California: Nov. 26
Florida: Nov. 30*
December
Tennessee: Dec. 3
Oklahoma: Dec. 4
Arizona: Dec. 9
Colorado: Dec. 9
Idaho: Dec. 11
Louisiana: Dec. 11
Virginia: Dec. 12
Michigan: Dec. 13
Vermont: Dec. 16
Ohio: Dec. 18
Missouri: Dec. 24
North Carolina: Dec. 27
One more detail: Because Iowa holds caucuses, not a primary with a standardized ballot, it has no filing deadline.
https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/08/us/politics/2020-primaries-deadlines.html
Mike Bloomberg just filed to be on the ballot in Alabama, so assuming he does the same for other states (such as Arkansas, which has a deadline of tomorrow) he can still appear on every ballot.
But the big question on everyone’s mind is when is it too late for Hillary to Jump in the race? She has already missed the deadline for Alabama, and there’s been no indication of plans to file in Arkansas, or anywhere else. IMO, this is fatal to her candidacy. Here’s why: primary delegates from each state are usually apportioned among top contenders. Thus, top candidates can usually offset a narrow “loss” or string of losses with an exceptionally strong showing in another state (this is why primaries last so long in recent years). The same is not true for candidates who fail to meet the vote threshold for delegates, or who do not compete at all. They typically get zero delegates. In a close race, getting zero delegates can burden the candidate with an almost insurmountable delegate deficit. Hillary already has an uphill battle, having missed the AL deadline. However, if Hillary doesn’t file for Arkansas tomorrow (Nov. 12th), I am satisfied there is no plausible way she can become the nominee. She will be officially done, unless all of the other top candidates mysteriously drop dead.
But the conventional wisdom amongst politico hipsters is that November 15th is the true “last day” to get in the race. Why? That is New Hampshire’s primary candidate filing deadline. NH of course has the nation’s first true primary (IA merely holds a caucus), which gives the winner tremendous momentum. Typically whoever wins NH gets the nom, although there have been some exceptions, such as Hillary’s win in 2008. And in that case, Obama got the same amount of delegates as Hillary (9), so it was basically a tie. Bottom line, NH is a crucial primary state. If Hillary doesn’t file in NH by Nov. 15th, she is officially ruled out as a nominee in the eyes of most observers.
From there on out, it becomes a question of how implausible it is for a candidate to win the nom while forfeiting an increasing number of pledged delegates. At some point, when the number of missed filing deadlines accounts for more than half of the pledged delegates, it becomes mathematically impossible for a candidate to win. I don’t know what that date is, but you are welcome to do the math yourself. It’s probably around mid-December.
So how late is too late?
—Realistically ==> Nov. 8th, 2019
—Really realistically ==> Nov. 15th, 2019
—Really ==> Mid-December, 2019
Anyone see it differently?
DISCUSS
***EDIT***
So I did the math based on available filing deadlines (they’re not always easy to find). This is what I found:
All of the state primaries listed above represent a total of 1605 pledged delegates. However, Texas, with 228 pledged delegates, apparently has a deadline of 12/9 (https://www.sos.state.tx.us/elections/voter/2020-important-election-dates.shtml). South Carolina, with 54 pledged delegates, has a deadline of 12/4 (http://scdp.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/SCDP_DSP830.pdf). Massachusetts, with 91 delegates, has a deadline of 12/20 (http://www.sec.state.ma.us/ele/elepres/pres2020idx.htm). And Minnesota, with 75 pledged delegates, has a deadline of 12/31. Collectively, these contests represent 2053 delegates, which is a majority of the total 3,979 pledged delegates.
Therefore, at the very least, by December 31, 2019, it is mathematically “too late” to decide to run for the democratic nomination. However, I could not find the filing deadline for every state, and some may be before this date. If so, the “too late” date may be sooner.
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