Materials

Radiation appears to help some metal alloys self-heal

Radiation appears to help some metal alloys self-heal
New research shows that some metal alloys actually corrode slower after being irradiated
New research shows that some metal alloys actually corrode slower after being irradiated
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New research shows that some metal alloys actually corrode slower after being irradiated
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New research shows that some metal alloys actually corrode slower after being irradiated
Images of a nickel-chromium alloy exposed to molten salts. The photos show that when the metal is exposed to radiation, less defects (dark grey splotches) form than when the metal isn't irradiated
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Images of a nickel-chromium alloy exposed to molten salts. The photos show that when the metal is exposed to radiation, less defects (dark grey splotches) form than when the metal isn't irradiated

Radiation is famously damaging, both to living tissue and materials. But now, engineers at MIT have been surprised to discover that radiation may actually help certain alloys to self-heal, extending their useful lifetime. This could obviously help inform future power plant designs.

In nuclear reactors, radiation is known to accelerate corrosion of most materials, leading to eventual failure and possibly disastrous consequences. So for the new study, researchers at MIT and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory set out to quantify just how bad that corrosion would be under different radiation levels.

But what they found surprised them. While investigating particular alloys of nickel and chromium, the team found that radiation actually made the material more resistant to corrosion.

These experiments were centered on a certain type of nuclear reactor, which uses molten salts of sodium, lithium and potassium as a coolant. This hot, salty mixture plays havoc on the alloy around it, corroding the metal over time. But the team found that when this alloy was bombarded by radiation from a proton accelerator, it took twice as long for the corrosion to develop.

“We repeated it dozens of times, with different conditions,” says Michael Short, lead researcher on the study. “And every time we got the same results.”

Images of a nickel-chromium alloy exposed to molten salts. The photos show that when the metal is exposed to radiation, less defects (dark grey splotches) form than when the metal isn't irradiated
Images of a nickel-chromium alloy exposed to molten salts. The photos show that when the metal is exposed to radiation, less defects (dark grey splotches) form than when the metal isn't irradiated

The team went on to investigate the mechanism behind this surprising result. Using transmission electron microscopy, the researchers imaged the alloy surfaces after they’d been irradiated while in contact with molten salt at 650 °C (1,202 °F).

They found that radiation creates tiny defects in the metal, which allows its atoms to move about more easily. That means they’re able to quickly fill in the holes that the corrosive salt creates. In a way, radiation helps the alloy becoming self-healing.

The team says that the discovery should help inform future designs for nuclear reactors, as well as allow more accurate estimates of the lifetimes of materials in existing facilities.

The research was published in the journal Nature Communications.

Source: MIT

1 comment
1 comment
Idunno
Not sure I understand this. Pitting/corrosion is a process whereby the parent material is chemically altered and thus changes its appearance and properties, hence the mechanical separation of parts from the parent, which leaves pits (defects). If the irradiated metal atoms move around easier to just take the place of their corroded comrades, whom have just floated off, then either there are now bigger/wider interstices in the atomic structure, or the shape of the entire parent structure changes to accommodate the loss of the corroded parts. If the former, then the material properties will change, if the latter then the part shape will change.

Sounds neat, but the info here is minimal and partly inadequate.